Dog Breed Guide: Dachshunds

Reviewed by Dr. Fiona Lee

Dachshunds might have humorous nicknames like low riders, wiener dogs and sausage dogs, but their hunting skills are no joke. Historically, their short legs and long, stout frames made Dachshunds ideal for working in tight spaces and burrowing into badger dens to flush out game for hunters. Dachshunds were such skilled hunters that their name means “badger dog" in German.¹

Their appearance might be beguiling, and it's undoubtedly one of the reasons why Dachshunds are one of the most popular dog breeds.² But it's important to understand their personalities and breed-specific needs before adopting one of these low riders.

History of the Dachshund Dog Breed

Dachshunds, sometimes called doxies, are believed to be a mix of hound and terrier breeds.³ These dogs were deemed the perfect size and stature to navigate dense forests and tight, underground burrows. They also had the strength and courage to dispatch tenacious badgers from their dens, and their piercing barks were the right pitch to alert their hunting partners to badgers' locations underground.⁴

Although etchings of badger dogs date as far back as the 1500s, those depictions don't resemble Dachshunds. In 1700, there were descriptions of dogs with long, slender bodies, short legs and smooth coats; illustrations of wirehaired and long-haired doxies began appearing in the early-to-mid-1800s, with official breed standards established in 1882.⁵

Dachshunds might have gotten their start as badger hunters, but their unique appearance and curious, outgoing, spunky personalities helped the breed transition from working dogs to popular pets.¹ The fact that several British royals (including Queen Victoria) owned Dachshunds cemented their popularity.⁵

However, World War I took a toll on the breed. Disdain for all things German, including the badger dogs, led to a decline in Dachshunds. In fact, there were just 23 Dachshunds registered with the American Kennel Club in 1923.⁵ Since then, the breed has experienced a resurgence and is now one of the top 10 most popular dog breeds in the United States.²

Physical Characteristics

With their short legs and long bodies, it's no surprise that doxies earned nicknames like low rider and sausage dog.

Dachshund size

Dachshunds come in three sizes: standard, miniature and rabbit.⁶

It's important to note the differences between American and European breed standards for Dachshunds.

American Kennel Club (AKC) standards allow standard Dachshunds to measure 8 to 9 inches tall and weigh 16 to 32 pounds, and miniature Dachshunds to measure 5 to 6 inches tall and weigh 11 pounds or less.¹ The AKC doesn't recognize the rabbit Dachshund.

In contrast, Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) standards allow standard Dachshunds to measure 35 to 47 centimeters (13.8 to 18.5 inches tall), miniature Dachshunds to stand 30 to 37 centimeters (11.8 to 14.5 inches) and rabbit Dachshunds to measure 25 to 32 centimeters (9.8 to 12.5 inches) tall. Weight is not included in the FCI breed standard.⁶

Coat

The breed has three coat varieties: smooth, wirehaired and longhaired. Their coats can be multiple colors, including:⁷

• Red
• Cream
• Black and tan
• Chocolate and tan
• Fawn (Isabella) and tan
• Wild boar
• Blue and tan

A Dachshund's coat may also be patterned:⁷

• Dapple: A pattern, sometimes called merle, that includes a darker base color with lighter-colored areas throughout the coat
• Brindle: A pattern featuring black or dark stripes covering the entire body
• Piebald: A one-or-two-colored coat that includes clearly defined patches of white

Other characteristics

It's not just their size and stature that define the Dachshund breed. Doxies are known for being quick, agile and determined. The breed also has an excellent sense of smell, powerful paws for digging and loud barks—all traits that make them excellent hunters.⁴

Temperament and Personality

Dachshunds are best described as big dogs in small bodies. They are independent, stubborn, smart and courageous, but also affectionate with their families.¹ While doxies can be outgoing with strangers, they make excellent watchdogs that will eagerly bark or howl to alert to strange sounds or people.⁸

Some of the same behavioral traits that made doxies excellent badger dogs can be challenging for pet parents. Dachshunds that are left alone too long or not given enough attention can develop separation anxiety and tend to burrow, which can mean lots of digging and chewing in the house. It's important to provide sufficient attention and mental stimulation to curb these tendencies and prevent boredom.⁹

Despite their small size, doxies are active dogs and eager to tag along on walks or other activities and will snuggle up and fall asleep afterward.¹⁰

Exercise and Training Needs

Remember, Dachshunds were bred as working dogs that raced through dense forests, dug into badger burrows and tussled with wild creatures. They possess the speed, stamina and determination that allowed them to be great badger dogs.⁴

Dachshunds have moderate energy levels and require regular exercise.¹ As a general rule, miniature doxies need 30 minutes of exercise per day, and standard doxies need 60 minutes of exercise per day. Exercise can include walks and games, but avoid activities that require jumping so you can protect their long back.¹⁰

When it comes to training doxies, patience and positive reinforcement are essential. Dachshunds are known for being stubborn and might not want to follow along with training, but treats can help. The breed also has a strong prey drive and might abandon a training session to follow a scent or chase small animals.¹⁰

Socialization of doxies with people, pets and places is also an important part of ensuring these willful puppies grow into well-adjusted adults.¹⁰

Health Considerations

Like other small breeds that tend to live longer, Dachshunds have an average lifespan of 12 to 16 years.¹ They need regular veterinary checkups and preventive care to maintain their health. The breed has a genetic predisposition to certain diseases that are common in small dogs, including:

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

Thanks to their long backs, Dachshunds are at higher risk of developing IVDD. The disease is caused by a rupture in the gel cushioning between the vertebrae, which makes the disc press on the spinal cord. IVDD is a painful condition that can cause paralysis and require surgery to repair.¹¹ A good diet and regular exercise are important for maintaining a healthy weight, which can reduce the risk of common health issues, including IVDD.¹

Hyperadrenocorticism

Dachshunds have an above-average risk of being diagnosed with a disease caused by the adrenal glands overproducing steroid hormones. The condition, better known as Cushing's disease, causes increased thirst and urination, increased appetite, decreased energy levels, a potbellied appearance, thinning hair and hair loss. It's treated with oral medications.¹¹

Heart failure

Dachshunds are prone to mitral valve disease, which often causes a heart murmur. When heart valves weaken with age, they may be unable to close completely, causing blood to leak backward and strain the heart. Routine dental care and weight control are important in maintaining overall health. Medications may be prescribed to keep symptoms in check if the heart disease progresses.¹¹

Obesity

It's not surprising that a breed nicknamed the "sausage dog" has a propensity to pack on the pounds. Dachshunds are prone to obesity, and keeping their weight in check can help with a host of health issues. Obesity puts extra pressure on the joints, increases back pain and contributes to heart disease. Providing proper portions, cutting back on treats and offering lots of exercise can help keep your doxie's weight in check.¹¹

Dental disease

Dachshunds are more prone to dental disease than other breeds. The tartar that builds up on their teeth can progress to infection and increase the risk of other health issues, including kidney and liver damage and heart disease. Poor dental health can even impact a doxie's lifespan. A combination of at-home dental care and professional dental exams and cleanings, when needed, can keep a Dachshund's teeth clean and protect their health.¹¹

Grooming Requirements

The amount of grooming a Dachshund requires depends on their coat.

Smooth doxies have “wash and go" coats that need little more than an occasional bath and brush to keep them looking their best. Meanwhile, wirehaired and longhaired doxies require weekly brushing to keep their coats from getting matted. They may also need professional grooming a few times each year to keep their coats neat.¹⁰

Regular nail trims, ear cleaning and dental care are also essential for your doxie's health and well-being.¹²

Living With a Dachshund

Dachshunds transitioned from working dogs to beloved pets, and can be affectionate with their families, good with children and playful with other pets. The breed is also known for its protective nature, often letting out a high-pitched bark to warn about strangers.¹

It's important to be vigilant about keeping doxies safe and maintaining a healthy weight to avoid back injuries. To keep them from jumping, use ramps or stairs to help doxies reach the couch.¹

Pets Best Is Here to Help

Adopting the right dog for your family is important. If you're ready to add a Dachshund to your family, check with local rescue groups to find Dachshunds available for adoption. The curious, independent working-dogs-turned-companions have big personalities, loud barks and just the right amount of adorable energy to win you over.¹

Pets Best offers dog insurance plans that can help you cover the cost of unexpected Dachshund health issues. Policyholders have access to veterinary experts through the free 24/7 Pet Helpline, so you can get answers to questions to help ensure your doxie receives the best care.

Sources/Citations

1. “Dachshund," American Kennel Club, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/dachshund/, accessed April 2, 2024.
2. “The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2023," Melanie Haid (4/2024), American Kennel Club, https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/news/most-popular-dog-breeds-2023/, accessed April 2, 2024.
3. “Dachshund," Caroline Coile (4/2024), Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/animal/dachshund, accessed April 2, 2024.
4. “The Dachshund's Unique Hunting History and Instincts," (11/2023), Dachshund Breed Council, https://dachshundbreedcouncil.org.uk/breed-info-history/the-dachshunds-unique-hunting-history-and-instincts/, accessed April 2, 2024.
5. “Dachshund Breed History," (2/2022), Dachshund Club of America, http://www.dachshundclubofamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Breed-History.pdf, accessed April 2, 2024.
6. “Dachshund," (3/2022), Federation Cynologique Internationale, https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/148g04-en.pdf, accessed April 2, 2024.
7. “Official Standard of the Dachshund," (1/2018), American Kennel Club, https://images.akc.org/pdf/breeds/standards/Official_Standard_Dachshund.pdf, accessed April 2, 2024.
8. "Is a Dachshund a Good Guard Dog?" Zyra Capalac (10/2023), iHeartDogs, https://iheartdogs.com/is-a-dachshund-a-good-guard-dog/, accessed April 22, 2024.
9. "How To Deal With Separation Anxiety In Dachshunds," Kathryn (4/2023), Dachshund Friends, https://www.dachshundfriends.com/blog/how-to-deal-with-separation-anxiety-in-dachshunds, accessed April 22, 2024.
10. “Dachshund Breed Information," The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals, https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/looking-after-your-pet/puppies-dogs/medium-dogs/dachshund, accessed April 2, 2024.
11. “Dachshund," Lombard Veterinary Hospital, https://www.lombardvet.com/services/dogs/breeds/dachshund, accessed April 2, 2024.
12. "Ins and Outs of Pet Grooming: Why Regular Grooming is Vital for Your Pet's Health," Birmingham Animal Hospital + Resort, https://birminghamanimalhospital.com/ins-and-outs-of-pet-grooming/, accessed April 22, 2024.