Puppies go through many developmental changes during this early stage of their lives, including changes to diet, environment, and even daily experiences. These can add to the physical changes puppies are already undergoing and can lead to minor health conditions, such as loose stool or diarrhea.
Diarrhea in puppies can range from a harmless temporary condition caused from eating something they shouldn’t have to a more serious disease. Chronic (more than a day or two) or severe diarrhea, especially when accompanied by vomiting or loss of appetite, should always be evaluated by a veterinarian. Diarrhea in puppies can lead to severe dehydration which can be life threatening.
There are several common causes of diarrhea in puppies, which we’ll cover in this article.
Puppy Stress and Separation Anxiety
Maybe you’re starting crate training or returning to the office after a stint of working from home. Changes like these to your puppy’s daily routine can cause separation anxiety and increased levels of stress. In turn, stress can cause stress-related diarrhea. Take your time when it comes to life changes and work to acclimate your puppy to new people, places, or schedules. Sometimes all it takes is time for your new puppy to become comfortable and reduce stress naturally.
Stress-related diarrhea is often considered ‘self-limiting’, meaning many puppies will get better on their own. Feeding slightly smaller bland meals for a few days, or increasing fiber content with canned pumpkin or other high fiber additive is sometimes enough to clear the body of diarrhea.
Foreign Bodies and Toxic Substances
It goes without saying that when something NOT meant for consumption is eaten, it can cause GI issues. Puppies are notorious for tasting and munching on everything! All of this sampling can lead to GI problems!
Some foreign bodies, such as rocks, socks, and toys, may cause life-threatening intestinal blockages and require advanced veterinary treatment, even surgery. In general, an obstruction usually leads to vomiting and is the primary clinical symptom, but occasionally it can be accompanied by diarrhea.
Contaminated or non-food substances can also induce diarrhea in puppies as the body tries to rid itself of the toxin. Depending on what was eaten, diarrhea related to eating something rotten can occasionally be self-limiting. If the loose stool is accompanied by vomiting, not eating, or persists more than 24 to 48 hours, veterinary attention should always be sought.
Changes in Puppy Diet
Another very common cause of diarrhea in puppies is a change in diet. An abrupt change in a puppy’s diet can lead to diarrhea as the GI tract adjusts to a new protein source or different ingredients. Ideally when you bring a new puppy home, try to remain on the same food, gradually adding in the new food. Over the course of 5-7 days, begin replacing a small portion of the old food with the new food. Replace more of the old food with the new food until the puppy is only eating the new food.
Along with food changes, the introduction of new treats, bones, or other chew toys can cause diarrhea. Often, this type of diarrhea can improve on its own.
Parasites
One of the most common puppy problems and causes of diarrhea is intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites are commonly passed from the mother dog to her puppies through the placenta, nursing, or if she is shedding the parasite in her feces. A large enough parasite load can lead to diarrhea, vomiting, and poor health in puppies. Affected puppies will often have a bloated appearance to the abdomen. Puppies with diarrhea due to intestinal parasites can pass the parasites onto other pets and some parasites can be passed on to humans. Part of a good routine puppy checkup will include a dewormer, in addition to vaccines, to prevent this.
Common canine parasites include roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and tapeworms, as well as protozoa such as giardia and coccidia. Diagnosing a parasite can be obtained through a fecal examination.
Bacterial or Viral Infections
Infections with bacteria, such as E. coli, or viruses, such as Parvovirus, are another frequent cause of puppy diarrhea. Canine parvovirus is highly contagious and can cause severe, life-threatening diarrhea. It is most common in puppies since most adult dogs have been vaccinated or previously exposed to Parvo. This viral cause of diarrhea is spread from direct contact with infected dogs or contaminated objects and soil. Fortunately, vaccines against Parvo are highly effective and will protect dogs that come in contact with the virus.
Bacterial infections can be largely avoided by maintaining clean hygiene and discouraging behaviors such as coprophagia (poop eating).
When to Call Your Vet
Treatment for diarrhea in puppies can take many forms depending on the underlying cause. If your puppy is experiencing severe or chronic diarrhea, it is essential that they receive treatment promptly. This is especially important if the loose stool is accompanied by vomiting or decreased appetite.
Puppies with diarrhea can become dehydrated if they are not treated in a timely manner. With diarrhea being one of the most common symptoms found in puppies, a pet insurance policy from Pets Best is a worthwhile investment in your puppy’s health. Take a look at coverage options and start protecting your pet today!