Guide to Cat Bloat: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Reviewed by Dr. Fiona Lee

We all know how uncomfortable it can feel to be bloated, especially after a big meal. A swollen belly can leave you feeling sluggish, yet unable to find a comfortable position to rest. For cats, however, bloating is more than just discomfort—it can signal an underlying health issue that ranges from mild irritation to a life-threatening emergency. Recognizing the signs of cat bloat early and taking prompt action are essential for your furry friend's well-being.

Read on to learn more about this condition, from causes such as swallowing excess air and ingesting foreign objects to treatments ranging from dietary adjustments to surgical intervention.

What Is Cat Bloat?

Cat bloat, or a distended abdomen, is abnormal swelling of a cat's stomach due to gas, fluid or food. Unlike the fullness that follows a hearty meal, cat bloat is often a sign of an underlying issue requiring medical attention. The swelling may develop rapidly, sometimes causing significant discomfort and distress for the cat. It could indicate anything from a minor dietary problem to a serious health condition like inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal blockages or liver disease.¹

How To Tell If a Cat Is Bloated

Spotting bloat in your cat starts with recognizing some key symptoms. Common signs include:

• A visibly swollen and/or tense abdomen²
• Pain or discomfort when touched
• Vocalization
• Loss of appetite
• Restlessness or unusual lethargy
• Vomiting or retching
• Difficulty breathing or respiratory distress

If your cat exhibits these symptoms, particularly if several occur together, consult a veterinarian immediately. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure your pet receives the care they need.

Why Do Cats Get Bloated?

Several factors can lead to bloating in cats, ranging from simple dietary issues to complex medical conditions.

Dietary causes

Cats may experience bloating from eating too quickly, which can cause them to swallow excess air. Consuming spoiled food or having sensitivities to certain ingredients, such as dairy products, can also lead to stomach discomfort and swelling.³ Some cats may react poorly to sudden changes in diet, so gradual transitions to new foods are essential to avoid digestive upset.

Medical conditions

Various health issues can result in abdominal bloating. Gastrointestinal blockages, often caused by ingesting foreign objects, can prevent food from passing through the digestive tract. Bacterial infections, intestinal parasites, liver disease and certain types of cat cancer are other potential culprits. Each condition requires veterinary attention, as untreated medical problems can worsen and lead to severe health complications.⁴

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a natural cause of abdominal enlargement in female cats, usually noticeable by mid- to late pregnancy.⁵ Unspayed outdoor cats often become pregnant without their owners realizing it, leading to unexpected swelling. To prevent pregnancy and the health risks associated with it, spaying is highly recommended. In addition to preventing unwanted litters, spaying can reduce the risk of reproductive cancers and uterine infections.⁶

Other causes

Stress can prompt cats to swallow air, resulting in bloating. This is often seen in anxious cats during mealtimes or in high-stress environments. Similarly, respiratory problems can cause excessive air intake, contributing to abdominal swelling. Managing your cat's stress levels and ensuring a calm, stable environment can help minimize these risks.

Diagnosing Cat Bloat

A veterinarian will follow specific steps to determine the cause of your cat's swollen belly. These diagnostic measures often include:

• Physical examination: The vet will palpate the abdomen to assess swelling and check for signs of pain.
• Imaging tests: X-rays or ultrasounds can provide a clearer view of the stomach and intestines, helping to identify blockages or abnormal fluid buildup.
• Blood tests: These tests can reveal infections, liver issues or other underlying conditions.

Keep in mind that each case is unique, and your vet may recommend additional tests based on the suspected cause of the bloat.

Treatments for Cat Bloat

Treating bloat depends on its cause, but common approaches include:

• Dietary changes: Adjusting your cat's food or feeding schedule can help reduce the likelihood of bloating, especially if diet is the primary issue.
• Medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed for infections, dewormers for parasites or medications to alleviate gas.
• Surgical intervention: Your vet may empty the cat's stomach contents or decompress using a catheter or trocar. In severe cases, such as when a blockage is present, surgery may be necessary to resolve the issue.²

How To Prevent Cat Bloat

Prevention is often the best medicine. Follow these tips to reduce the chances of your cat developing bloat and ensure happy and healthy cats:

• Feed smaller meals: Divide your cat's daily food into smaller portions to avoid overloading their stomach.
• Use slow-feeder bowls: These bowls encourage cats to eat more slowly, minimizing the amount of air swallowed during meals.
• Schedule regular vet visits: Routine checkups can help detect potential health issues before they become serious.
• Reduce stress during meals: Create a calm and quiet environment to prevent your cat from feeling anxious while eating. In homes with multiple cats, consider feeding them separately to avoid competition or tension during mealtimes.⁷

When To Seek Emergency Care

Certain signs of bloat warrant immediate attention from a veterinarian. These include:

• Persistent vomiting or retching
• Extreme lethargy or lack of responsiveness
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe abdominal pain

If you notice any of these symptoms, don't wait. Seek emergency care to prevent further complications. Erring on the side of caution could save your cat's life.

Pets Best Is Here To Help

Cat bloat is a condition no pet owner should ignore. From recognizing the symptoms to understanding potential causes and treatments, staying informed can help you take quick, effective action to protect your cat's health. Routine veterinary care and preventive measures like slower feeding and stress reduction can significantly lower the risk of bloat. Cat insurance is worth the cost, helping you manage unexpected veterinary bills and ensuring you can act quickly when your cat requires urgent care.

With Pets Best cat insurance, you also have access to a 24/7 Pet Helpline so you can get expert animal care advice anytime.

Sources/ Citations

1. “The Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Cats," (4/2021), Northeast Veterinary Referral Hospital, https://www.northeast-vet.com/site/pet-care-blog-plains-vet/2021/04/08/the-symptoms-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease-ibd-in-cats
2. “Bloat-cats," (n.d.), Lort Smith Animal Hospital, https://lortsmith.com/need-help-now/cat/sickness/bloat-in-cats/
3. “Cat Flatulence (Gas) Causes and Treatments," (3/2023), WebMD, https://www.webmd.com/pets/cats/cat-flatulence-gas
4. "Cat Digestive Problems: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment," (11/2023), Bond Vet, https://bondvet.com/b/cat-digestive-problems
5. “Testing for Abdominal Enlargement in Cats," Krista Williams et al. (2020), VCA Animal Hospitals, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/testing-for-abdominal-enlargement-in-cats
6. “The Relationship Between Spaying/Neutering and Cancer," Wesley Campbell (3/2023), Charlotte Animal Referral & Emergency, https://carecharlotte.com/blog/the-relationship-between-spaying-neutering-and-cancer/
7. “Feeding cats in a multiple cat household," (2/2020), Feline Medical Clinic, https://www.felinemedicalclinic.com/feeding-cats-in-a-multiple-cat-household