Reviewed by Dr. Fiona Lee
You might not be able to help them blow their nose, but thankfully, there are many ways you can treat a runny nose in cats to make them feel as comfortable as possible. While often seen as a minor issue, a runny nose in cats can signal various underlying problems. That's why it's important not to dismiss this common symptom to avoid potential health problems and prioritize your cat's well-being.
These are the most common reasons your cat may develop a runny nose, and what you can do to help.
Viral Infections
Viral infections are among the most likely culprits for a runny nose in cats. Two significant viruses are feline herpesvirus and calicivirus.
Feline herpesvirus
This virus is a leading cause of upper respiratory infections in cats. It typically causes symptoms such as:1
- Sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Eye irritation
- Pawing at the face
- Loss of appetite
- Labored breathing
Calicivirus
Similar to herpesvirus, calicivirus also leads to upper respiratory tract infections. Cats with calicivirus may exhibit symptoms like:
- Sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Fever
- Drooling
- Mouth ulcers (occasionally)
This highly contagious virus can cause more severe respiratory issues, particularly in kittens or older cats with weakened immune systems.2
Treatment options
While there is no cure for these viral infections that can lead to common kitty diseases and illnesses, supportive care can help manage symptoms. This includes maintaining hydration, ensuring the cat stays warm and possibly using antiviral medications as prescribed by a veterinarian. Additionally, steam inhalation and nasal saline drops can provide relief from congestion.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections are another cause of nasal discharge in cats. Bacteria such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida are common culprits.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
This bacterium can cause respiratory issues similar to those caused by viral infections. Symptoms often include:
- Thick, greenish or watery nasal discharge
- Lethargy
- Sneezing
- Coughing
Feline bordetellosis is highly contagious and is caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica. It can be particularly severe in cats with existing respiratory conditions or those under stress.3
Pasteurella multocida
Often found in the mouths of cats, this bacterium can be spread to other pets and humans via licks or bites and may cause:4
- Nasal discharge
- Ear infections
- Nasal and sinus infections
- Eye infections
Treatment options
Treatment usually involves antibiotics prescribed by a veterinarian. It's crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve, as incomplete treatment can lead to relapse or antibiotic resistance. Supportive care, including maintaining hydration and proper nutrition, is also essential during recovery.
Allergies
Like humans, cats can suffer from allergies that affect their respiratory system. This can lead to common cat behaviors that may signal they are feeling unwell, like fatigue or restlessness.
Common allergens
Seasonal pollen, household dust and mold can trigger allergic reactions in cats. When exposed to these allergens, a cat may develop a runny nose characterized by clear nasal discharge and frequent sneezing fits.
Managing allergies
Managing feline allergies involves identifying and minimizing exposure to allergens. Regular cleaning to reduce dust, using air purifiers, and keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons can help. A veterinarian may prescribe antihistamines to control symptoms. It's important to avoid medicating cats yourself, as some human antihistamines can be harmful to pets.
Foreign Bodies
Foreign bodies, such as small objects or irritants that a cat has inhaled or ingested, can cause significant nasal irritation.
Symptoms
When a cat has a foreign object in its nasal passages, it might exhibit symptoms like:5
- Persistent sneezing
- Pawing at its face
- Continual (often one-sided) nasal discharge
- Snorting sounds or loud breathing
- Reduced appetite
Veterinary care
If a foreign body is suspected, a veterinary examination is essential. The veterinarian may use endoscopy or imaging to locate and remove the object, which is crucial to relieve discomfort and prevent further complications.5 Potential emergencies like this can happen at any time and lead to expensive veterinary visits, which is one reason cat insurance is worth the cost.
Dental Issues
Dental health can profoundly affect a cat's nasal passages. Cats with poor dental health may develop infections that can spread to the nasal passages. Signs of dental issues include bad breath, nasal discharge and a reluctance to eat hard food due to discomfort.
Importance of dental care
Regular feline dental checkups and professional cleanings are critical to preventing dental diseases that can impact nasal health. Maintaining good oral hygiene and addressing dental problems early can help avoid complications.
How To Help at Home
Supporting a cat with a runny nose at home involves several key practices. Ensure your cat remains hydrated by providing fresh water, and consider using a humidifier to keep the air moist, which can help with nasal congestion. Keep their living area clean and free from potential irritants and monitor their symptoms closely. Regular grooming can also help reduce allergens and irritants.
When To Seek Veterinary Care
Certain signs indicate immediate veterinary attention is needed. These include difficulty breathing, bloody nasal discharge or a significant loss of appetite. Such symptoms may signal more serious conditions that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes and ensuring the best possible recovery.
Pets Best Has Your Back
Regular veterinary checkups and vaccinations can help prevent many of the issues that lead to nasal discharge. If your cat shows signs of a runny nose or other health concerns, seek veterinary advice without delay. For more information or assistance, the Pets Best 24/7 Helpline is available to support you and your feline friend.
Sources/ Citations
- “Feline Rhinitis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatments," (n.d.), Trudell Animal Health, https://www.trudellanimalhealth.com/learn/further-reading/rhinitis-in-cats
- “Feline Calicivirus," (n.d.), Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/research-baker-institute/feline-calicivirus
- “Feline Bordetellosis," (n.d.), Merck Animal Health, https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/nobivac/feline-bordetellosis
- “Pasteurella in Cats," Mike Paul (6/2015), Pet Health Network, https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/pasteurella-cats
- “7 Signs Your Cat Has Something Stuck in Its Nose: What To Do Next," Clayton Watkins (n.d.), VetMed Consultants, https://www.vetmedutah.com/post/nasal-foreign-body-in-cats